Confernce Abstract Proceedings

Medication adherence and lifestyle modification in Hypertensive patients

Muhammad Ali Saifudheen et al.
In this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, we explored medication adherence and lifestyle changes with 150 hypertensive patients of a tertiary care outpatient clinic along with blood pressure measurements. Data were obtained by a structured KAP questionnaire, as well as follow-up clinical examinations with measurements of: both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Patients in whom medications were taken and life style was changed had the best blood pressure control maintained and, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the total KAP score and mean blood pressure (p < 0.05).

Correlation between auto immune thyroid disease and Vitiligo: An analytical Study

Bhandari Sahitya et al.

The association between autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and vitiligo in adults is of interest. Anti-TPO and anti-TG antibody levels were measured in vitiligo patients and matched controls. Vitiligo subjects had significantly higher thyroid autoantibody prevalence than controls. Thus, we show routine thyroid screening in vitiligo. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.

Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections: A study on trends and contributing factors in outpatient care among Indian patients

Sampathkumar Ramya et al.

It was a single-setting retrospective analysis of 80 outpatient UTI cases. This involved bacterial isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and analysis of potential factors that may have led to resistance, such as antibiotic prescribing and patient comorbidities. Descriptive statistics were therefore applied in SPSS for data analysis. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli (70%) and exhibited significant resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 30% and to fluoroquinolones at 22%. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains comprised 8% of E. coli isolates. Higher resistance rates were associated with inappropriate antibiotic use (p = 0.001), frequent use of antibiotics (p = 0.004) and comorbid conditions such as diabetes (p = 0.002).

Retrospective study of smartphone usage effects on tension-type headache prevalence in young adults

Janarthan Vishal et al.
Tension-type headache (TTH) is rising among young adults, potentially linked to increasing smartphone use. This retrospective study investigated the association between smartphone usage and TTH among 120 participants aged 18–30 years. Individuals with screen time exceeding 4 hours/day reported significantly more frequent and severe headaches. Posture and type of smartphone activity also influenced headache intensity. Thus, the findings call for behavioral interventions to mitigate TTH risk.

Cardiovascular and neurovascular complications in systemic lupus Erythematosus: A cross-sectional study of subclinical atherosclerosis and cognitive dysfunction

Pushparaj Abberamiy et al.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition that has increase appreciated cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. This report presents a cross-sectional study of 100 SLE patients (18–55 years) who were evaluated for the prevalence and relationship of subclinical atherosclerosis and cognitive dysfunction. Subclinical atherosclerosis was measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and cognition was measured by scoring the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The study found that 36% of participants had subclinical atherosclerosis, while 42% had cognitive impairment. Both subclinical atherosclerosis and cognitive dysfunction were associated with longer disease duration, corticosteroid exposure, higher SLEDAI scores and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Data shows the high prevalence of concomitant vascular and cognitive dysfunction in SLE patients and the need for early screening for both outcomes in a non-invasive manner.

Patient knowledge and practices regarding vaccination in chronic disease: questionnaire with immunization record review

Meenakshi Sundaram Sai Vanniappan et al.

Patients with chronic diseases often possess unstable vaccination practices and a lack of knowledge, thus often not being vaccinated as recommended. This study seeks to evaluate patient awareness, perceptions, and vaccination behavior in relation to a validated survey regarding vaccination based on vaccination records. There is high recall bias, with partial adherence to vaccination recommendations; the self-reported vaccination differed significantly from the vaccination records. Health literacy is better, follow-up visits more frequent, and earlier vaccination counseling sessions correlated with improved vaccination behavior. These results would suggest that better education, improved documentation, and targeted interventions to improve vaccination uptake may benefit patients with chronic illnesses.

Analytical cohort study on cognitive reserve as a predictor of post-stroke dementia severity

Devi Kunche Vijaya Madhuri et al.
The role of cognitive reserve in determining the severity of dementia following a stroke in individuals aged 55 and above is of interest. Hence, a total of 128 stroke survivors were followed for 12 months post-event, with cognitive reserve quantified using education level, occupational attainment and engagement in cognitive activities. Higher cognitive reserve scores were associated with milder post-stroke dementia outcomes and better functional independence. Thus, we show that cognitive reserve is a significant protective factor against severe cognitive decline after stroke.

Patient perception of quality-of-life post-angioplasty: questionnaire-based survey with follow-up echocardiography data

Ashekin Mohd. Merazul et al.

Coronary angioplasty continues to be one of the most common interventions for coronary artery disease; however, less consideration is given to QoL and the feelings of patients after treatment despite possible influence on clinical results. This survey with a questionnaire enrolled 120 angioplasty patients and associated the QoL results with echocardiography (on LVEF and WMS) performed at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Results indicated that higher self-reported QoL scores were significantly linked to better echocardiographic parameters (p < 0.05). Qualitative feedback showed that patients' views on symptom relief, returning to normal activities, and mental well-being greatly contributed to improved QoL. These findings stress the value of including patient-reported outcome measures with imaging follow-up in angioplasty care pathways.

Impact of sleep apnea severity on left ventricular remodelling

Vutukuri Kiranmai et al.
Sleep apnea is a common but often overlooked condition strongly associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, particularly left ventricular (LV) remodeling. This longitudinal study assessed changes in LV structure and function over time across sleep apnea severity groups defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Serial echocardiographic evaluations revealed that moderate-to-severe sleep apnea was significantly correlated with increased LV mass index, systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Greater AHI severity and lack of treatment were linked to more progressive LV impairment. These results emphasize the need for early diagnosis and management of sleep apnea to reduce its long-term cardiac impact.

Awareness and compliance towards tuberculosis treatment in HIV Patients: a mixed-method survey with sputum conversion outcomes

Manoharanet Amirtha et al.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant contributor to illness and death in individuals with HIV, thus adherence to TB therapy is imperative for achieving a clinical response. This mixed-methods study used a prospective questionnaire to assess knowledge, compliance, and treatment behaviour around TB in 120 HIV-positive subjects on TB therapy for the first time at a tertiary-care facility, and their association with sputum conversion. Using a structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews following the structured survey, self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) data were obtained, with sputum analysis at 2 and 6 months of therapy. Timing of sputum conversion was significantly associated with a higher KAP score (p < 0.05), suggesting knowledge, attitudes, and practices may be related to treatment adherence and treatment outcomes. These data support the premise that patient education and outpatient counseling programs are a core component in supporting adherence to TB therapy among HIV-infected populations while improving clinical outcomes.

Retrospective cohort study on long-termnticoagulation therapy for bleeding complications among atrial fibrillation patients

Hussain Amjat Ibrahim Mohamed Thoufeek et al.
The frequencies and contributing factors to bleeding complications among atrial fibrillation patients on a regimen of long-term oral anticoagulants is of interest. The medical records for 142 patients treated with either warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were assessed over a period of three years. Major and minor bleeding episodes were associated with instability of the international normalized ratio (INR), the type of anticoagulant medication, and individual patient characteristics. The bleeding complications were observed to occur more frequently with patients presenting with unstable INR values and those treated with warfarin in contrast to DOACs patients. Thus, the importance of a tailored anticoagulation regimen to address bleeding complications in atrial fibrillation is shown.

Analytical study examining hypertension and arrhythmia among shift workers in healthcare

Ridhay Rasquinha Jordan et al.

The prevalence of hypertension and arrhythmia among 140 healthcare shift workers aged 25–60 years is of interest. Data on blood pressure, ECG findings, work schedules and lifestyle factors were collected and analyzed. Night shift workers showed a significantly higher prevalence of both conditions compared to day workers. Duration and frequency of night shifts were positively correlated with cardiovascular risk. Thus, we show occupational scheduling as a modifiable risk factor in healthcare-associated cardiovascular disease.